Essay --

Introduction From single mothers and fathers to working Husband and wives who work long hour and spend along hour away from their family ar effected by work and family conflict. Parent is unable to assist with homework, school project, and community issue to do work and family conflict. What is work and family conflict? It is when an idiosyncratic is working to the point where their personal lives and family member are affected by their absences. The work and family conflict causes multiple conundrums in both the home and on the job. Many individual affected by the work and family conflict on the job for an example the employee engender be frustrated on the job because they have a family tweak that they cannot handle. They boss or employer may become restless do to the missed metre from work to handle family situation, doctor appointment, or school matter. The conflict could come from the family member for example the child or children could misbehavior in class do to the lack of attention in the home. The other spouse could feel omit do the missed hour of quality time from the work mate. Work and family conflict can affected all bug outs involved whether it is the employer, co-workers, spouse, children, or until now friends. The main idea will be to gather well-nigh background information and literature to see how they contribute to work and family conflict. Also discover some action to take and mensurations to detail with this issue. BackgroundMany different acts in the United Stated history play a major part in the events that place in todays society. Work and family conflict has not always been an issue because before 1848 women were not allow to be a part of the working force and African American were not notice in the community as a helpi... ...The community worker has the worst time with separating work and family conflict. The problem is that the danger of the job causes them to be over protective over their families and it makes it difficu lt for them to divide the two. The action that is taken to take care of the problem on the job will be to change the scheduling on the job. Have flexible hour to work and save time for the family. The next step would be to make time to spend with your family because valuable time spends with them saves the conflict in the relation. Learn how to communicate with both the job and the family. Communicate is the key to bringing any relationship from falling apart. Work and family conflict can be control if individual take the time to make sure that they receive emphasize before they go home, talk it out with the family and with the supervisor. If the problem cannot be fix QUIT.

odyssey, a look :: essays research papers

There are many traditions and values that the people of Ancient Greece followed very closely. These acts, such as, hospitality and respect for ones peers are commonly overlooked by gods and goddesses. The people are pass judgment follow these traditions or they may feel wrath from a god or goddess.In the Odyssey, the tradition of hospitality is shown being broke in several ways. When a person in Ancient Greece received a guest, they were to treat them with the highest respect and they should offer them gifts. The force was expected to give the guest a place to bathe, something to eat, and if they were of importance they should make a sacrifice. This tradition was not followed by the Cyclops Polyphemus and the suitors in Ithaca. When Odysseus and his men arrived in the weaken of Polyphemus, they were hardly treated with proper hospitality. Not only did Polyphemus eat some of Odysseus men, but he also blocked the only entrance to the cave with a giant boulder. Odysseus was offend ed by the treatment and warned the Cyclops that Zeus will punish him. Polyphemus ignored the warning and was eventually outsmarted by Odysseus for his escape. Guests are expected to not take advantage of hospitality given out by the host. The suitors in Ithaca took tremendous advantage of Penelope and others in Odysseus absence. The suitors lived there for many historic period eating the food and drinking the wine owned by Odysseus. They wore their welcome very much and were eventually punished by Odysseus and Telemachus upon Odysseus return.The Odyssey showed a couple instances that person disrespects another peer. Two good examples are Agamemnon and Achilles, and Paris and Hector.

Effect of temperature on rate of reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Effect of temperature on set up of reactionAimTo find out if the temperature increases the rate of reaction of twochemicals.PredictionMy prediction is that the higher the temperature is the faster therate of the reaction will be.EquipmentHot water, thermometer, flask, cold water, stopwatch, tissue paper,paper with X label on it, safety glasses, measuring cylinder, largebeaker, sodium thiosulphate, hydrochloric acid.MethodThe experiment has to be done five times for the five differenttemperatures of the sodium thiosulphate. The temperatures argon 20C,30C, 40C, 50C and 60CTo start the experiments fill the flask with 50cm of sodiumthiosulphate into the large beaker. Fill the large beaker up with thewater of right temperature that is required for the experiment. Putthe thermometer into the flask with sodium thiosulphate and check thetemperature is right for the experiment. If the water is too cold, inthe large beaker pour in around more hot water or if it is too hot pourin some cold w ater to reach the required temperature for the sodiumthiosulphate. once the sodium thiosulphate is the right temperature,take it out of the water, wipe the bottom of the flask with tissuepaper and place it onto the piece of paper with X marked on it. Nowmeasure 5cm of hydrochloric acid in the measuring cylinder. Then pourthe hydrochloric acid into the sodium thiosulphate, at this momentstart timing with the stopwatch and economise timing until you cannot seethe X mark through the liquid. Make sure you wear safety glasses andhandle the acid carefully.Fair TestTo bring out this investigation fair you have to make sure you drill the sameconcentration of hydrochloric acid for all experiments. You also haveto make sure you use the same amount of hydrochloric acid and sodiumthiosulphate for all the experiments. Also make sure you time theexperiments accurately.ObservationMy observation was that when the temperature of the sodiumthiosulphate was higher the solution rancid cloudy quick er.Results--------------------------------------------Temperature (C) Time for cross to disappear (minutes) 20 2.49 30 1.

Parents Roles in Development of Eating Disorders: How Important is the

Parents Roles in Development of Eating DisordersIntroduction Much of the literature that focuses on the parents role in the development of eating disorders is focused on the mother and the mother- little girl relationship. Studies have shown conclusively that a mothers body image and eating habits are, mirrored in her daughter, and that if she is obsessed with her own body image, it stands likely that her daughter will be the same way both growing up and in her adult life. The father, though, is often left turn out of the research except for in the basic family profile. Here, we will examine the active role that the father plays in the development of eating disorders in their daughters. First, we will explore why the fathers ideas and how they are express can lead to an eating disorder. Next, we will discuss how a daughters feelings are transformed into symptoms of eating disorders, and finally, we will conclude with how the relationship needs to change to serve up daughters reco ver from the vice of an eating disorder. The Ideas of the Father Since men in our society are encouraged to achieve but not to feel (Maine), fathering is often a difficult task for men, especially with their daughters because the relationship requires more intimacy then most men can handle (Maine). Men try to bond with their daughters a great deal with gifts or compliments, but not with interaction into their lives. Daughters look up to their fathers and want to please them, so they look around to see what makes their fathers happy and try to simulate whatever it is. The first place to look is at the relationship the father has with the mother. If a girl has an average weight mother, but constantly hears her father boost her to diet or e... ...erved their most important role model do all their lives. Thus, the cycle continues unless fathers are willing to make the effort to reach out to their children in a way that teaches love and respect based not solely on appearance. Things can change, and father/daughter relationships are a important part of the ever-increasing developments towards the prevention and treatment of eating disorders. Works Cited 1. Bloom-Feshback. Historical Perspectives on the Fathers Role. In Lamb, M.E. (ed), The Role of the Father in Child Development. John Wiley Press, New York. 1981. 2. binge-eating syndrome and Anorexia Nervosa Association newsletter, Volume 13 Issue 3, Fall 1995. 3. Chemin, Kim. Reinventing Eye Modem Woman In Search of Herself. Harper and Rowe, New York. 1987. 4. Maine, Margo. Father Hunger, Fathers, Daughters, and Food. Gurze Books, Carlsbad, CA. 199 1.

Proposal To Reduce Unemployment Essay examples -- Economics, Unemployme

In the past fifty years the saving of the United States has changed dramatically, whether it be the social or economic status. What can be give tongue to is that with the current recession that has taken place the lives of millions of Americans are being affected everyday. More jobs are being cut, and newer job opportunities are being taken international because of insufficient funds or lack of education. What I am planning to propose is a budget that give drastically change the way the sparing has been looked upon in the last century. More so I plan to introduce a way to fit a newer form of a capitalist economy into the government system, mainly to increase the percentage of American work force between seventy-five percent to 85 percent to preserve better donjon conditions.First thing that has to be looked upon when we think of unemployment are the unemployment benefits. Unemployment benefits can be described as a back door for employees in the s ituation that they drowse off their jobs. The unemployment benefits provides temporary financial assistance to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of his/her own. Under this, each state administers a separate policy program to provide financial service to those qualified under state law. In order to meet these requirements an employee must have a base period, or wages earned during a certain time. The base period is usually the first four out of all five calendar quarters preceding to the time a file is claimed. Now there are two ways of filing a claim. One is filing a claim in the state that one resides in. the other would be to file a claim in a non-residential state.Shortly after two to three weeks of filing a claim, an unemployed worker should rec... ... for retirement. After a six month period, the workfare laborer is allowed to apply for a minimum wage job in regular men and leaves his/her workfare job that is passed on to another person in need.In a reca p, the three policies introduced, the Unemployment Reformation Act of 2059, the Infinite Education Opportunities Program Act, and the Unity Tax, will be a vital part in restoring and surpassing expectations for decreasing the percentage of Americans unemployed by ten to fifteen percent within the undermentioned six to eight months. I believe that with these policies the chances of a recession will not occur for a long period of time. For that matter, a recession may not occur again depending on how successful the unemployment plans develop. Nevertheless, I predict that by the year 2109 the employment rate for Americans will reach eighty-three to eighty-five percent.

Proposal To Reduce Unemployment Essay examples -- Economics, Unemployme

In the past fifty divisions the economy of the United States has changed dramatically, whether it be the social or economic status. What can be said is that with the current recession that has taken place the lives of millions of Americans atomic number 18 being affected everyday. More jobs are being cut, and newer job opportunities are being taken a right smart because of insufficient funds or lack of education. What I am planning to propose is a budget that will drastically change the way the economy has been looked upon in the last century. More so I plan to introduce a way to fit a newer form of a capitalist economy into the government system, mainly to increase the percentage of American work force between 75 percent to eighty-five percent to preserve better living conditions.First thing that has to be looked upon when we think of unemployment are the unemployment benefits. Unemployment benefits can be described as a back door for employees in th e situation that they lose their jobs. The unemployment benefits provides temporary financial assistance to eligible workers who are fired through no spot of his/her own. Under this, each state administers a separate insurance program to provide financial service to those qualified under state law. In allege to meet these requirements an employee must have a base period, or wages earned during a certain time. The base period is usually the first quadruplet out of all five calendar quarters prior to the time a file is claimed. Now there are two ways of register a claim. One is filing a claim in the state that one resides in. the other would be to file a claim in a non-residential state.Shortly after two to three weeks of filing a claim, an unemployed worker should rec... ... for retirement. After a six month period, the workfare laborer is allowed to apply for a minimum wage job in regular workforce and leaves his/her workfare job that is passed on to another person in need.In a recap, the three policies introduced, the Unemployment rehabilitation Act of 2059, the Infinite Education Opportunities Program Act, and the Unity Tax, will be a vital part in restoring and surpassing expectations for decreasing the percentage of Americans unemployed by ten to fifteen percent within the next six to eight months. I believe that with these policies the chances of a recession will not come out for a long period of time. For that matter, a recession may not occur again depending on how successful the unemployment plans develop. Nevertheless, I predict that by the year 2109 the employment rate for Americans will reach eighty-three to eighty-five percent.

Who Do You Choose the Major of English to Study?

There are 1,500,000,000 mess in the world address side, and 1,000,000,000 good deal are learning it while 75% of the worlds letters and postcards are pen in side of meat. Despite China, the United States is still a leader in technical innovation and economic development. face is used in the United States and in each of these fields. English is the expression of maritime communicating and supranationalist air traffic control, and it is used even for internal air traffic control in countries where it is not a native language. Most commodities such as silver, gold, and hard currency are traded in English.Throughout the world, legion(predicate) professional papers are promulgated in English. Even papers that are published in other languages often have abstracts in English. English is used in government and as a medium of communion among people who do not have another language in common. English is the language of technology, especially high technology like computer science, g enetics, and medicine. If youre going to empathise about technology, youll probably have to do it in English. We bottom of the inning watch international television net wagers, such as CNN International and NBC.They broadcast news oftentimes faster, and more professionally, than smaller, national networks, and you can watch them everywhere in the world. In terms of academic, English is the language most commonly spoken by academics worldwide. Of course, roughly in-chief(postnominal) query and work occurs in all countries and in a variety of languages, but the vast majority tends to have been conducted, composed and published with the English language as its basis. Academics and scholars that have some knowledge of English frequently find that sharing their ideas and findings with their peers globally is more eadily facilitated by their mastery of the English language. We can communicate with foreigners easily if we can speak English. When we go abroad, it is very useful for us to compete with other people in reputationing, and all international conference and competitions are conducted in English, so we need to be well with English to join in order to win. It is overly the major international language of communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass entrainment. English makes us more easily to travel around the world, because more than 100 countries spoken in English.We can ask for direction, have a conversation, ask for help, and who knows, maybe English bequeath save our life someday. Tours are nigh always available in English. Even in countries where few people speak English on the street, people who work with tourists generally speak English. In some countries even drivers of buses or streetcars and sellers at newsstands speak English well. English is important to get access to knowledge Todays media such as the Internet, Television, and the press give you almost unlimited access to knowledge about your favorite subject, and it all are in English, so you need to be well with English.You can assume alsoSimilarities and Conflicts in a Streetcar Named DesireThats over billion pages of development are in English, so if you want to get any information in the internet you need to know English. On other hand, English is a language that can be used in many split of the world since the schools nowadays are likely to have English as the first or second language or have educated people who would know the basics of English. When we study at University, we need to be well with English because all document are written in English. If we want to research new lessons or documents in internet, you need to know how to use computer, and in computer everything are in English.English document are billions, and it explains very clear, so it can improve our knowledge. We can make our computer skill more effectively when we know English, because most computer applications are in English, so we lead understand them bett er and become better employee. Five g-force newspapers, over half of the newspapers that published in the world, are published in English. Even in many countries where English is not the main language, there is at least one newspaper in English. In India, there are three thousand magazines were published in English.English Major is study about cultures, literatures, and physiology. So we will get a lot of knowledge about cultures, literatures, and physiology of other field in Asia, Europe, the United States, etc Especially, when were skillful of English we can get a scholarship from school or the United Stated of America to study abroad. English is very important for job opportunity Today. All companies need their workers know at least on language, especially English. In some international companies, every person have to know English well.English is the primary language of business throughout the world. Most international business transactions, including email, memos, reports and contracts, are written in English. If we are interested in advancing in the business world, English is a key to success. Most countries in some way will do business with English speaking countries. As well, English has become the international language of business and is often used as a inert language for business between various countries. It is now common for an engineer in Mexico to get echnical support in English from an expert in China. With English you can communicate with technicians and experts from the United States in order to help your company. You can also communicate with business people from other countries in the neutral language of English. Companies are also recognizing the value of English and now pay more for employees who can speak English. Knowing English will open the door to many new and exciting jobs in countries all over the world. As well, you will be able to obtain jobs in your own country because you can speak English.Your resume will be stronger because you are bilingual and have a knowledge of the English language. Your opportunities will be numerous when you can speak and read English. English speakers in the world earn more money than non-English speakers. Being a good writer is one of the top ten most important skills that job candidates are encouraged to have in order to be competitive in the job market. Companies are looking for good writers, and theres no question that English majors heading out into the workforce have this skill in the bag.Its nearly impossible to succeed as an English major without being a good writer. Moreover, students choosing this major probably really like writing. When you like something, you do it more often and the more you do something, the better you become. English majors tend to be overall successful communicators, which is why it makes sense that so many of us go on to work in media and communication. The major provides individuals with the critical thinking and public speaking skills require d to excel in these positions.Even if you arent planning to work in communications, the joust has been made that oral communication competency is the most important skill for business students in the workplace. It may also go without saying that having keen communication skills is absolutely necessary in order to be a good manager in the workforce. Finally, Major of English have a lot of advantages for us, English give us a good job opportunity, high salary job, high position at work place, and provided us a good streamer of living. In short, English is very important for me and everybody.

Keeping the importance of QA for e-Learning

Keeping the importance of QA for e-Learning, it is of import to cook model for formal calibre confidence of e-learning centre. As a premier(prenominal) measure to this feature prosodies happen upon a leak to be developed that can be used for quantifying the respective(a) theatrical role parametric quantities of an e-Learning tool and the content. The development of quality prosodies and the model can go the report for developing the QA tools, which can roll up informations on assorted facets, analyze and arrive at quality steps utilizing well- understood theoretical accounts and so appraise the e- Learning environments.How does one define quality? In peculiar it is non easy to exactly make up ones mind what constitutes quality of instruction. Different individuals may prevent different positions of quality. There atomic number 18 two facets of quality in the educational context quality of the system of rules as a whole and quality of what the system offers to the pupils or the learners. In cotrast to conventional instruction quality c overs assorted elements of face-to-face instruction resembling the fighterstructure and basic comfortss, societal & amp geographical environment, nonrecreational instruction competency, administrative and finance staff, rightness and relevancy of the track of study, teaching-learning stuffs, teaching-learning procedures, community upkeep to the establishment, public presentation rating of the module, scholars ie. pupils and the system as a whole.Meaning of quality in e-learningLearning results are at the bosom of respondents apprehension of quality in the field of e-learning. When we talk close quality in e-learning, we assume an inexplicit consensus ab give away the term quality . In fact, nevertheless, quality agencies really different things to most e-learning suppliers. Harvey and Green ( 2000 ) , ( and see Ehlers, 2004, pp. 52-56 ) have suggested the following clan of classs( a ) omitionality,( B ) ne plus ultra or consistence,( degree Celsius ) fittingness for intent,( vitamin D ) adequate return,( vitamin E ) transmutationThe last perceptual experience of quality, transmutation, is the most relevant to the pedagogical procedure. It describes the addition in competency or ability as a consequence of the larning procedure as transmutation. In order to do these classs manageable for respondents, they were operationalised as follows in the sentimentSing everything asked so far, which of the undermentioned statements best represents your ain personal apprehension of quality? Please choose merely the one component from the list under which best represents your ain sentiment.Harmonizing to the paper New Developments in applied science Enabled Education presented by Professor Singaperumal these points were putA clear and documented demand for 450000 position the demand is increa whistle exponentiallyEven to keep the current degrees of admittances a new major university is neede d every hebdomad in India entirely to firing off into the demandTherefore on a monolithic graduated table online instruction is emerging as an of import market and thereby besides offer a concern chance to some establishments choosing for an instruction concern model out of it.With these ideas in head, and the huge chance in footings of possible pupils in the juicyer(prenominal)(prenominal) instruction, the scene has to alter quickly to switch the paradigm.THE NeedE-Learning is the larning experience that is delivered or enabled by electronic engineering. The bringing of acquisition or content can be over the intra-net, extra-net or over the profit, via CD-ROM, synergistic Television, or satellite broadcast. In footings of construction, pupil Numberss have been detonating on university campuses. The universities have been loath to alter their plans, both in content and bringing. They are confronting challenges from alternate suppliers of instruction and preparation, with more f ocal point on employability the university professors represent a strain of calling faculty members who are rather pluck and insulated from the alterations in the existent universe around them distance acquisition is considered 2nd best, even though universities are hard pressed to explicate the high quality of the traditional schoolroom processes in set uping cognition transportation.INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SCENARIOE-learning or electronic acquisition in India is deriving prominence easy, nevertheless so steadily. This is due to the fact that more than half the population of India today is below 25 old ages of age and the Numberss of Internet users are turning continuously. The enormous ontogeny of the economic system in the recent yesteryear has besides helped in the growing of on-line instruction in India. E-learning in India is specially popular with the vernal professionals who have joined the work force rather early but still would wish to go on their instruction that ma y assist them get up their calling ladder rapidly and safely. They find on-line instruction in India really convenient, as the nature of the class work does non necessitate them to go to regular categories. Furthermore reputed institutes like Indian Institute of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade are today offering e-learning classs.INDIA is encompassing e-learning in a large manner. India has learned lessons from the success of the e-way in the West and today the inexorable educational image is being replaced by e-governances-classroom, e-tutorials. It is a role of pride for the state in general and bureaus in peculiar for the popularisation of the mission manner programmes on e-governance.The major advantage of e-learning is that it is self-paced and acquisition is done at the scholar s gait. The content can be repeated until the trainee understands it. E acquisition is synergistic excessively. With the growing of e-learning, more and more students will choose for it, as there would be no concern that the math instructor will crush them for a amount gone incorrect. Besides, there will besides be no fright of coming tardily to category and so standing outside the schoolroom waiting for permission to come in.More and more on the job professionals would be concerned in larning the e-way because of flexibleness that e-learning offer. E-learning will shortly go a great tool to invoke makings and acquiring publicities in the clientele market. So, to sum up, the hereafter of e-learning is bright.However, there is important cognition keeping. High quality e-learning solutions are being developed in India with the right engineering and in disseminatery support in sectors every bit distinguishable as steel, IT, automobiles, cement and telecom. Industry spectators estimate that because of its advantages, India is bound to turn in stature as the hub for e-learning programmes.In 2002, deliberations of assorted commissions were held that led to the puting up of the UGC-INFONET towards the terminal of 2004. UGC besides joined this campaign of presenting e-learning. Wholly funded by UGC, UGC-INFONET provides electronic entree to scholarly literature available over the Internet in all countries of larning to the university sector in India.Yet another undertaking to fork over weathervane based preparation is the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning ( NPTEL ) , which is being funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development ( MHRD. ) This was first conceived in 1999, to pave the manner for presenting multimedia and web engineering to put forward acquisition of basic scientific discipline and technology constructs, was launched in September 2006.Significant substructure has been set up for production of video-based learning stuff by the Indian Institutes of Technology ( IIT ) , the Bangalore based Indian Institutes of Sciences ( IISc ) and Technical Teacher Training Institutes ( TTTI. ) Gyan Darshan, which was launched on January 26, 2000, as an sole higher instruction Television channel to supply quality distance instruction by IGNOU, can be considered as an effectual attempt in India.At the institutional degree galore(postnominal) institutes, in general private as of now hold entered into on-line distance instruction and the much talked about NIIT Varsity offers developing to 500,000 pupils yearly across 33 states. genius of the universe s prima direction schools, the Indian Institute of Management at Cal subdueta ( IIM-C ) , amongst others, entered into a strategic confederation with NIIT, to offer executive development programmes through practical schoolrooms.It is really hard for a individual of my stature to publish a declaration on the issue but I suggest that higher educational establishments in India, which plan to venture into e-learning should take a lesson from this and must foremost follow the instruction and communicating scheme of organisationa l alteration where the stakeholders should be aware as to how the alteration will impact them.The authorities needs to excite a learning civilization and e-learning must go a policy issue. authorities must acknowledge the e-learning industry as a separate forum and non handle it as portion of the IT enabled services ( IT S ) or a sub sector of the IT industry.Cardinal E-LEARNING timber ISSUESAs establishments adopt e-learning, some of import new issues arisei? Institutions should do available an equal and dependable proficient substructure to cover up and prolong e-learning activities.i? Teachers and pupils must possess the proficient accomplishments to utilize e- acquisition tools.i? Teachers must redesign their classs to integrate e-learning efficaciously into their teaching method.Online acquisition should be an active, non inactive, experienceTwo of import facts converge to do this recommendation a cardinal portion of any theoretical account for on-line acquisition. The first has a nucleus rule of effectual teaching method. Microsoft PowerPoint presentations or Word paperss saved in HTML format do nt let scholars to make anything except sit in forepart of their screens and chink through text.The 2nd convergence fact is that early attempts at e-learning suffered a high rate of abrasion because many scholars complained that the content was deadening and withdrawing. To trip pupils so that they engage with content better, larning ware should incorporate multimedia interactions, such as simulations, geographic expeditions, games, and drag-and-drop exercisings. Animations, picture, and audio round out some of the loyalists of rich media. When you map larning content to the appropriate rich media, you get impressive consequences.Choice FACTORS DRIVE E-LEARNING ADOPTIONInstitutions interviewed for this research cited assorted institutional, user, and market drivers as spurring the toleration of e- acquisition. somewhat establishments designate e- acquisition as an institutional aim, for illustration, to back up their charter of outreach, reach new markets in an country of specialisation, or heighten the educational procedure. stave interest-to improve learning methods in general, to do classs more interesting for pupils, or to maintain up-to-date in their academician field-spurs e-learning acceptance at others. Institutions major power utilize e- acquisition to assist pupils ft larning into their progressively feverish agendas and develop need proficient accomplishments for their professional development. In some establishments, e-learning classs have developed from video-oriented classs. Some establishments reported the usage of intercrossed classs to relieve overcrowded schoolrooms. For many establishments, e-learning is portion of higher instruction s development, and class direction systems easiness of usage has encouraged e-learning acceptance.BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING WITH QUALITY ASSURANCEIntegration on the whole establishmen ts, research establishments, regulative complete structures, professionals, academicians and pupils can be integrated on regional, province, national and international degree. Sharing of cognition, experience, substructure and engineering will heighten the effectual and efficient use of available resources. Students can hold an entree to limitless depot of information at any hr and from any topographic point.Entree to outdo module and quality study stuff Since e-Learning has ability to cover distances, a few good instructors can be scaled up. Faculty handiness is non restricted by geographics or even clip because of recorded schoolrooms. The expert instructors besides will be identified and honored by the demand for them from scholars.Human prejudice eLearning helps removes the prejudice of sex, faith, colour, caste etc.Dust free environment Unlike in chalk and speak method, larning atmosphere becomes dust free.Individualized direction E-Learning besides offers individualised direc tion, which print media can non supply. It makes larning exciting, prosecuting and obliging. Blended programmes can incorporate eLearning with face-to-face workshops, coaching, action acquisition and a immense compass of other larning methods to cover a scope of demands, manners and attacks. Private messaging readily supports these exchanges while protecting the participants privateness. Based on the single and/or concourse needs, involvements, calling aims and occupation profiles, lesson faculties can be chosen.The new system must be made up of five different constituents. These area? Audits of the quality confidence mechanisms of the higher instruction establishmentsa? Evaluations of topics and programmes.a? Appraisals of the entitlement to present gradesa? Thematic ratings and thematic surveiesa? Identification of centres of educational excellenceA CASE STUDY ON QUALITY ASSURANCE EFFORT AT THE SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR DISTANCELearning, Pune, IndiaThe Symbiosis Centre for Distance L earning ( SCDL ) , Pune, is the taking private sector supplier of clear & A distance acquisition in India. Its scholars, totaling more than 200,000 are drawn from all the nooks & A corners of India, and besides, from more than 40 abroad states.Quality is the trademark of SCDL s working. The quality concerns adopted by the SCDL are presented belowThe acquisition plans are selected really carefully, taking into consideration the market demands every bit good as the felt-needs of the scholars. Once a probationary determination is taken to present a new plan, its assorted pros & A cons are discussed in the Academic Council, which is the chief organic structure for taking all academic determinations.The following measure is to apportion the work of composing the Self Learning Materials. For this intent the SCDL has enlisted more than 400 sing module who are all good qualified and long experient instructors from reputed universities and colleges every bit good as individuals with prac tical experience in industry.Electronic acquisition stuffs in the signifier of e-learning faculties and pre-recorded DVD talks are besides prepared. The module fixing the electronic acquisition stuffs may, or more likely may non, be those who had prepared the SLM in the print signifier.Self appraisal is an of import system adopted by the SCDL. All the learning stuffs sent to the distance scholars whether print or electronic contain self-assessment inquiries. In fact the larning stuff contents are broken down into subdivisions and sub-sections, and at the terminal of each the scholar is expected to take a intermission and effort replying the self-assessment inquiries. This manner, the scholar will come to cognize whether she/he has understood the content of the subdivision or the sub-section. This procedure builds up the scholar s assurance.A distinguishing characteristic of the SCDL is the usage of most modern engineering in the pupil patterned advance and appraisal system. Each s cholar is required to finish two on-line assignments per class per semester. The on-line assignments are based on the thoughtfully prepared and thorough Question Banks which are uploaded on the web for accession by the scholars. Last but non least of the quality confidence steps cover the Student Support & A Guidance System. This system has common chord of import boards the Personal Contact Programs ( PCP ) , the Data Support Department and the system of speedy response to pupils questions and demands.CASE STUDY 2 E-LEARNING AT BOSTON COLLEGEBy Rita R. Owens, accord Academic V.P. for Technology, Boston CollegeThis is merely one illustration of how 141-year-old Boston College ( BC ) , one of the oldest Jesuit Catholic universities in the United States, is integrating e-learning into its time-honoured academic tradition. Indeed, the older and more venerable an institution-US News & A World Report ranks BC figure 37th among national universities-the more that s at interest when it introduces a dramatic and potentially radical tool like the Internet into the educational plan. Reputation and quality are the first concerns.Important DecisionsE-learning has affected everyone at our 15,000-plus-student university, irrespective of age, function, experience or academic subject. And largely in a positive manner. But success has nt come without obstructions, challenges and tough determinations.One of our most minute determinations was measuring how e-learning would impact our hard-earned repute, steeped in centuries of classical academic tradition. Although we plan to scale our e-learning, we had no demand to utilize it as a flagship selling tool for admittances. Our course of study sells itself. We evaluate e-learning merely in the context of its power to better instruction. As a affair of fact, we do nt even do any preeminence between on-line instruction and traditional instruction. Education per Se is the lone thing that affairs.Consistent with this place, we el ected non to mandate e-learning for every class. Alternatively, we have let e-learning develop organically, driven by pupils, module and the academic environment. Several learning-related factors are beef uping our e-learning acceptance. E-book publishing houses are deluging academe with digitized online content for a broad scope of classs.All of our schoolrooms have been networked with state-of-the-art installations. Faculty members are supplied with powerful desktops and laptops. Our pupils tend to be technologically savvy and frequently come to us with e-learning experience gained in high school. Not merely are they comfy with the engineering, they virtually grew up online. Their demand for on-line class constituents has propelled our e-learning acceptance.Early on on, we determined we needed chiseled cheques and balances to cover e-learning was decently incorporated into our campus environment. We have adopted a multiple commission construction that serves us really good. Our University Council on Teaching comprises respected module members who set scheme on how e-learning will play out on campus. We have an e-learning Action Group, a coaction of college mention bibliothecs and academic enterprises. My group, Academic Technology Services, promotes e-learning on campus and aids in preparation and proficient support.Strong ConsequencesWith these cardinal administration and substructure determinations made, we ve had strong consequences with e-learning across a broad scope of subjects.Extracurricular activities are besides got boosted by e-learning engineering. Freshman MBA campaigners at our Carroll School of Management have a particular intranet where they can happen families, societal activities, treatments, and a community calendar. Although it sounds like a fiddling thing, this digital orientation/bulletin board in one is a campus line of life for the many pupils with full-time occupation and kinsperson duties.FuturesCompared to an about 80 per cen t literacy rate in urban India, that in rural countries is merely 56 per centum. Further, the mean instructor pupil ratio at primary degree is 158 in rural parts. Improvement of connectivity is another country of concern. India needs to increase incursion in footings of Personal computers and communicating lines for any e-Learning undertaking to be successful. The high cost of ownership, which proves to be a barrier, needs to be lowered. Following stairss could assist in collaring the above jobsThe Service suppliers, including the giving medication need to cut down the duty degrees. As the field becomes more and more competitory, this is bound to go on.Inventions such as the Computer can cut down costs by supplying low-cost calculating. At INR 10,000 a piece, the Computer offers calculating installations at a drastically lower cost compared to INR 30,000 for a Personal computer. Further, it has a local linguistic communication interface.Use of unfastened beginning package will non merely be cost effectual but can besides run into the localised demands of the tremendous lingual diverseness of India. Further, unfastened beginning package can besides be used on old hardware.

Praise Song for my Mother by Grace Nichols Analysis Essay

What are the poets feelings about family and how does she convey these ideas?Grace Nichols writes Praise Song for my fix as ode, or letter, as a celebration of her draw. Having moved from Guyana to the UK, the ode is in a Caribbean style, praising her stick for all that she has done. Nichols writes about what family is, and what it means to her, and the poem seems to be positive, in adoration of her mother, but there are as well other standpoints that say the poem could have a deeper, negative meaning.Nichols conveys the powerful, protective love that she receives from her mother in the poem in a variety of ways. She writes that she was water to her, deep and bold and fathoming. As water is a necessity to live, she creates the image that her mother was a necessity to her life, and that she couldnt live without her. She uses legion(predicate) of these metaphors, using the term You were to convey the different roles her mother played in her life, that although she was just a woman , she was to her, the moons eye and the sunrise.The use of the past tense in you were shows that her mother may have passed away, and that this is not only a celebration of her mother, but in like manner a celebration of her mothers life, and that the poem is a divide of mourning of her mother. However, this can also be interpreted as the memories of her childhood, when she lived in Guyana with her family, create verbally in the past tense, to convey her feelings in the past. The accompaniment that this poem is written in 14 lines, as a sonnet, shows the ode of love from Nichols to her mother, and the loving bond in family.Nichols could also be trying to convey the message that family is about growing, and allowing the children to develop and learn. Although this at first sight, a poem of positivity, and praise for her mother, there could be a more negative, possibly sarcastic side to the poem. The phrase you were water to me initially seems positive, but when paired with deep and bold and fathoming, makes the reader think that there was feasible too much water, and that Nichols mother was possibly overprotective or that she enveloped Nichols in her care. The words deep and bold make you think of the ocean, and possibly that she was drowning in it. In addition, Nichols writes go to your wide futures, you state. This initially strikes the reader as a message of hope from Nichols mother, that she wanted her children to go out into the world and grow. The fact that futures is plural, shows that there is essentially a world of oppurtunities available, rather than a controlled, decided future.However, this may have been written as a sarcastic you said, display that Nichols mother expected too much of them, and that life is actually much harder than going out to your wide futures. This resentment may be a yield of Nichols mother cosmos overprotective, and not allowing her to learn on her own, and being overprotective. It may also mean that her mother may ha ve essentially abandoned her, and remaining her to her own actions after she left to England. However, given the circumstances, it is most likely written as possibly a memory of the last thing her mother said to her, before passing away, or before their relationship became too distant. In this way, there are many differing interpretations for this message.Nichols seems to be conveying the message that family is a sort of nutrition, or nourishment. She uses lot of metaphorical language such as You were water and you were sunrise to make family seem like a very positive factor. She also writes the fried plantain smell replenishing replenishing, with the repetition of replenishing making the reader focus on the word. The lack of punctuation in the phrase, and also the lack of punctuation end-to-end the whole poem possible harks back to Nichols less educated childhood.The words replenishing, water and sunrise creates the image of the mother fulfilling all the bare necessities for the Nichols, and shows the different roles that Nichols mother played in her life. The poem itself is very orderly for the first three stanzas, with same sized lines, but the fourth stanza is one line longer, this line being longer still, and then the fifth stanza being one line only. This poem could possibly portray a ladder or staircase, symbolising the steps to maturity date and success. As the poem is about Nichols mother, this could be creating the image that her mother was the aid to her success. This is all the picture of how family is a sort of nutrition and aid to life.Overall, Grace Nichols provides many different standpoints on the importance of family in Praise Song for my Mother. Although it is written as a positive poem of celebration of her mother, there could also be more negative standpoints and alternative views, highlighting possible sarcasm in the poem. In conclusion, Nichols seems to generally have very positive views on family and uses lots of metaphorical langua ge to create the image that her mother was everything to her. She also uses literary techniques to showcase her memories of childhood, and the importance of family in her upbringing.

EIP and Project Based Learning Essay

The title of the study is to be dubbed as EIP and Project Based Learning Studying bookmans penury and academic doing. The explore would be carried come forward in a manner which would facilitate the identification of what impact does standard pop the question-based learn have on EIP (Early interjection Program) and the students impetus and academic achievement? Statement of the ProblemA fresh evaluation of student achievement conducted by the National assemblage of State Legislatures divulged that the average performance of eighth-grade learners in the linked States in the disciplines of mathematics, science, and reading literacy ranked below the performance standards of 14 countries (NCSL, 2009). To deal with such a problem, nar count administrative bodies have initiated the adoption and the implementation of accountability founded on certain stipulated standards.Nevertheless, the conventional classroom based learning practices persists to be prevalent in the United States education imparting arena despite the fact that several research findings have revealed that project-based learning is much to a greater extent effectual in terms of achieving stipulated standards, split explains different subject areas, enhances learning methods, and improves test performances (Andres, 2006).The most consequential issue in this context is that project-based learning has to be put into practice in more De Kalb County education facilities in order to foster cognitive thinking and enhance the accountability of the students in their learning activities. This fact is substantiated by the Georgia Assessment of procedure on School Standards (GAPSS) evaluation findings and is consistent with the stated objectives of the De Kalb County School System. Relation of the Problem to the SpecializationComprehending the productivity of the project-based learning approach can facilitate bridging the gaps that now exist between how students live and how they are taught (Andres, 2006). This technique of learning rises above the mere technicalities introduced by course books and worksheets and lays more emphasis on constructivist attitudes. Education in itself would stand to benefit from this research and at the same time educators would gain knowledge of how to successfully structure and sustain the learning content and activities whilst highlighting achievement of standards, comprehensible outcomes, and enhanced accountability (BIE).Background and Context for the Problem The approach that was adopted in the education imparting framework in the past decades is at last becoming outdated and is not competent enough to suffice in the contemporary educational arena. Those old-fashioned past approaches were unsuccessful in developing and nurturing the skills and aptitudes unavoid able to answer intricate questions and to implement that knowledge in real world circumstances.By means of standards based projects, a dynamic issue that is genuine and gripping wil l foster critical cognitive thinking, knowledge implementation, organizational noesis, and enhance the students conscientiousness relating to their own learning process (Andres, 2006). Research Question The most important questions that this research would be attempting to answer are the following What impact does the project-based approach have on the students learning achievement? To what level are students inspired by project-based learning methodology? Were the evaluations of project-based learning consistent with Georgia Performance Standards? Georgias Performance Standards (GPS) are obligatory standards that must be met while imparting education to every public school student in the De Kalb County and the state of Georgia. Treating The Giver by Lois Lowry in the form a web-based thematic component, students would be able to implement the skills recognized by the Georgia state learning standards as essential for elementary school learners. Making use of the Student-Interview Questions from the GAPPS evaluation, the information would be self-possessed and scrutinized.In addition, previously-existing instructional policies and evaluation practices by means of observing students conduct, surveys based on students achievement-goal perceptions, and group discussions are approaches which, as indicated by Pintrich and Schunk, can be carried out sensibly to judge the students endeavor, determination and evasion behaviors (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). Importance or Significance of the Study A constant rise in the high school dropout rate and low performance grades have become a widespread phenomenon in the United States education arena.In light of such an issue project-based learning assumes colossal significance as an effective methodology that is capable of delivering high performance standards, presenting interesting challenges, and providing a framework for reliable evaluation techniques (Nastu, 2009). If the supposition that, enhanced student performance is largely reliant upon their understanding and proficiency to efficiently shoulder their new responsibilities as global citizens is true, this research would prove to be a semiprecious asset for all stakeholders.Topics in the Literature Review The Project-based learning methodology presupposes that learning is a dynamic, integrated and productive activity. In such an interactive learning atmosphere, students work in the company of other classmates to work out compound and real-life problems that will facilitate the development of content knowledge in addition to service of process them to become accustomed to the art of problem solving, logical thinking, communication, and self evaluation (CTL, 2001).Proponents of this approach hold that majority of the students consider project-based learning initiatives to be encouraging, which in the keen-sighted run helps development of important skills (Helle et al. , 2007). Performance oriented evaluations will render high expectations, simul ate real-world problems, and would necessitate a variety of skills and proficiencies to deal with such issues (BIE). make up though the potential such techniques exhibits are beyond measure, project-based learning faces some serious challenges.It entails a wide-ranging framework, skills, procedural planning, support, and resources that go beyond the precincts of a text edition (Andres, 2006). Methodology This research would employ a mixed research methods design that will make use of both quantitative as well as qualitative approaches. Quantitative data will be accumulated to evaluate the students reading accomplishments via a pre and post appraisal of a learning element.In addition, the qualitative technique would be used to appraise the efficiency of project-based learning techniques on the students enthusiasm to shoulder responsibility and the ingenuity in their coursework and other learning activities. selective information Collection Data would be gathered across a timeline s caling six-weeks in course of a reading unit within the learning environment. The research team would shoulder the responsibilities of an observer and detailed studies would be carried out with respect to the usefulness of project-based educational approaches.In this examination students would be monitored, and pieces like journals, class work, project reports, and unit test performance sheet would be collected. Such a research-based scrupulous practice is in line with the features of a fully operational educational atmosphere (Georgia Department of Education, 2007). Data Analysis The information collected would be evaluated by means of triangulation. Graphically, the linkage between the students pre and post test results would be determined.A t-test would be carried out to contrast each units intensity of enthusiasm and level of reading accomplishment. In order to examine the statistical implications, a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) would be employed to identify the diff erences that generally exist in the treatments processes. Identification of Necessary Approvals So as to exact out the pertinent research processes effectively, the De Kalb County School System in Decatur, Georgia and the school authority would need to sanction the proposal and approve the research initiative.

Hasseltrom Essay

1.According to Hasselstrom, why does she broaden a bomber? In one sentence, summarize her rationale. She carries a sub for self- fosterion, which provides a personal measure of safety for her.2. List the specific events that led to Hasselstrom to her decision to post a poor boy. -Living alone in a deserted area, being stopped on a keep going by 4 men, being harassed while camping with a friend, coming home one night when she thought that someone had been in her house.3. early(a) than carrying a gun, what means of protecting herself did Hasseltrom try? Why did she find them unsatisfactory? Can you think of other strategies she could own adopted instead of carrying a gun? -Deodorant spray cans (since mace was illegal), kung fu classes (would have to practice several hours a day to be good, and very good at self-defense). -She was very careful about her surroundings, the all thing else I could think of would be getting a roommate or moving to a safer place.4. Where is the ess ay does Hasseltrom express her reluctance to carry a gun? -In divide 25 when she says that the pacifist inside me will be saddened if the unaccompanied way a woman can achieve equality is by carrying weapons.5. In paragraph 13, Hasselstrom says gun possession might increase your danger-unless you know you can use it. Where else does she touch on the possible pitfalls of carrying a gun? -In paragraph 26 Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.6. What does Hasselstrom mean when she says, The pistol just changed the balance of power (24)? -That even though a man might be stronger then she is, she feels as strong as a man and more confident when she has her gun.PURPOSE AND AUDIENCE1.How does paragraph 1 establish Hasselstroms decision for writing this essay? What other purpose might she have? -That she is a peaceful non-violent woman, but wants to justify why she carries a gun. 2. What purpose does paragraph 5 serve? Is it necessary?-The purpose was to explain how dangerous her town could be for a women, and she wanted to give a real life example of what could have happens even when you call for help and you are by yourself.3. Do you think this essay is aimed at a particular gender? If so, do you think it is tell at men or women? Why? -I think this essay is aimed more toward women. Everything she talks about seems like it would appeals more toward women than men. 4. Do you think Hasselstrom expects her readers to agree with her gear up? Where does she indicate that she expects them to challenge her? How does she address this challenge? -No, I think she expects her readers to see her point of view on the situation she is in.STYLE AND STRUCTURE1.This essay is written in the first person, and it relies heavily on personal experience. Do you see this as strength or a weakness? Explain. -I see this more as a weakness. She could have included statistics which would have made her essay more credible instead of relying only on personal experie nces.2. What is the main cause in this cause and effect essay- that is, what is the most important reason Hasselstrom gives for carrying a gun? Can you identify and contribution causes? -The most important reason she gives for carrying a gun would be the unfortunate dangerous situations that she has been in, and wanting a way to feel safe when she is by herself.3. Could you argue that simply being a woman if exculpation enough for carrying a gun? Do you think this is Hasselstrom position? Explain. -I personally cannot argue that just being a woman is reason enough to carry a gun, but I can relate to why she would want to. I believe from the experiences she has had, she has good reason to want a way to protect her.4. Think of Hasseltroms essay as the first step in a possible casual chain. What situations might result from her decision to carry a gun? -She might feel threatened when there is actually no threat being made, and might shoot an innocent person just on mite scared.5. In paragraph 25, Hasselstrom says the pacifist inside me will be saddened if the only way a women can achieve equality is by carrying weapons. In her patronage and elsewhere in the essay, Hasselstrom characterizes herself as a peaceful women. Do you think she is successful in portraying herself as a peaceful-loving woman why only reluctantly carries a gun? -Yes, I do believe she is a peaceful person, who lives in a not so safe town, and who wouldnt carry a gun if she didnt feel she needed to.

The Effects of Media Propaganda

AbstractThe media suffice the agenda of six corporations that owns them. Just close any source of specifyation that you run across, hear or learn is controlled by the agenda of the six corporations. They control the country with media propaganda agenda utilize the illusion of alternative. The media has influenced us, economicalally, sociologically, and psychologically.The media function with the intent to shape our thinking into believing what they wanted us to believe. Many of the refresheds coverage in the media is due to the fact that it align with the media agenda. This would paper allowed us to see different argonas we have been shaped by the media and the dodging they used to achieve their objective. The media propaganda is key major part of media operation and is used to accommodate as well protect the agenda of the elite group.IntroductionThe the Statesn husbandry of at once is communicated finished media. Media is the most powerful and influential force in the co untry. The media are powerful agents of socialization and they set the standard that majority follow. The power giving to American media has allowed them to be truly resultive using propaganda as strategy, the media tend to say they serve to relieve social conflicts into minimum. We clearly see that the media promote social conflicts by separating class. The image that media has created in the mind of masses has economical, psychological and sociological impact the masses.The intent of the media is to satisfy their own agenda, non to inform and entertain. They been very in(predicate) using this strategy, more of their agenda less of the masses interest. Richard Cohen once give tongue to We are going to impose our agenda on the coverage by dealing with issues and subjects that we learn to deal with.Propaganda is form of communication that attempt to influence the attitude of the community towards some cause or position by presenting only one aspect of an argument. Propaganda i s widely spread throughout the media to create chosen result in audience attitudes. Media main objective is to influence the attitude of the people. The audio visual media such(prenominal) as television, radio, and sound motion pictures means of communication are available to the psychological operator.Their effectiveness is based on seeing and having the persuasive message. These medium erect an excellent means of persuasive message. Television projects the sense of sight, adding the element of motion, like motion picture, it combines sight, sound and motion. Television is an immediate effect, it places the watch overer is two locations simultaneously, creating the illusion of act in a distant event. The transmission of T.V overcomes illiteracy, audience need not be able to read.The Psychological media propaganda advantage helps the media through television bring people in global separate locations together by exposing then visually to the same ideas and concepts. Psychologist Hadley Cantril and Hazel Gaudet, led us to some valuable discovery afterwards October 30 1938 when radio broadcast war of the world? As a result of this broadcast there was a national panic for all to see the effect of media propaganda. While many panic during the broadcast, some remain calm and collected. The people that were not panic displayed what psychologist called a full of life faculty (pg589). The lack critical faculty was the lack of the ability to create a framework in which to check if information were true.The people that lacked critical faculty are the low income bracket because of limited sources of information. A psychology study conducted by Cantril, along with Gaudet, H, the model which accounted for how movies influenced children. The study of media effect has spawned many functional theories today such as Agenda-setting theory, heathen imperialism theory. The powerful influence of media is revealed through agenda setting the ability to tell the masses what i ssues are important. Many have been concerned about the psychological effect of media as far back as 1922. Media has the power to presents images to public through propaganda. Which McCombs and Shaw investigation ofpresidential campaigns in 1968, 1972, and 1976. In the findings, they concluded that the mass media psychological a significant influence on what voters acquireed to the major issues of the campaign.The agenda- setting allowed the media not to reflect reality, they filter and shape it. They too concentrate on few issues and subjects leads the public to beguile those issues, as more significant than other issues. The time frame is the most important aspect of this phenomenon. Bernard Cohen (1963) psychology effect of media, they may not be successful in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about. Lastly, the westward nations dominate the media around the world.The western nations used cultural imperialism to impose their western views through media on third world countries. They simply shape and control third world destroying their native cultures through the effect of media propaganda. in that location are several different theory that result evidence of this. In as much as the third world countries continue to broadcast western civilizations programs, then these countries will always believe they should act, think and live as westerners. Clearly it is widely seen how media propaganda has impacted our lives psychologically.Over the past generation, it has become very clear that the U.S mass media is a major influential voice in the U.S smart set. Edward S Herman once give tongue to media operate in systematic propaganda model. The media serve to spread support for the special interests that dominate National, State and Private activity. Propaganda is not the only function of the media, even it is a very essential aspect of their overall service. for certain in a capitalist soci ety and major conflicts of class interest. The media function to serve the large propaganda requirements of the elite. The media have consistently promote the agenda of the elite, particularly in U.S.First thing to consider in the economic effect of media propaganda is the ownership of the media is among a smattering the largest profit corporations in the world. Many of these corporations have a comfortable size of interest in U, S economy. Objectively, their needs to remain profitable corporation severely influence the need operations and major content of media broadcast. Subjectively, the self- interest of the handful corporations as become the operation of the media. Second advertising, has colonized the U.S media and is alsoresponsible for most of their generating income.Third media are drawn into symbolic relationship with powerful sources of information by economic necessity. Media depend upon news provided them by corporation and government sources and due to this fact they are pressured to follow corporate agenda. Whenever the wealthy right-wingers were dissatisfied with political media coverage. They refer sure that they send a clear message of their displeased. The ideology of double standard of the media propaganda work effectively.For example the media treatment of murder coverage or address is based on if it is a worthy victim or unworthy victim, which majorly depended on their relationship to the elite interests. The news coverage of Vietnam War and the development it pop as if the media were opposed to the war. Contrary to the image the media portray, they continued to present the War in manner consistent with the interest of wealthy till the very end. This provide a cheeseparing example on how media propaganda operates to maintain economic agenda. For news to be worthy of coverage it would have to tack the elite requirement and it must(prenominal) be something the media can sale.It very certain that all these facts have major impacts on how media deliver news to the general public, the economic effect of media propaganda determines what event or incident gets media coverage. It is a system that continues to develop a systematic approach of how to protect the interest of the elite without making it obvious to the public. We believe that the media exist to inform and entertain, however the reason for the program will watched on T, V is to keep us interested till the succeeding(a) paid commercial. The more will considered the economic effect of media propaganda the more will discovered that its centered around the agenda of wealthy folks. The agenda of the elite is what is propagated by the media, the generally public received it as the truth follow. The Sociology position of the media is also an important aspect to consider.If the powerful are able to fix the premises of discourse, to decide what the general populace is allowed to see, hear, and think about and to manage public opinion by regular propaganda of the ir own strike in an issue or immobilized by effective propaganda the media will serve elite interest uncompromisingly (Herman,1996). It very essential to look different sociology perspective of media propaganda and how they influence oursociety. Functionalist believe that media propaganda contributed to the benefit of the society. Charlie Wright (1975) was able to identify ways media contributed to society. He said media coordinate and correlate information that is valuable to the culture. People gather in groups to watch, they talk about what they see, and they share the sense that are watching something special (Schudson 1986).Functionalist view media propaganda as an important function in society. It is the media to influence social uniformity on bigger scale. Media propaganda has been accused of creating dysfunction. Postman (1989) argued the media culture undermines the educational system. Conflict perspective claim that corporation use media propaganda to satisfy their own age nda. Sitcoms and News coverage are not created to inform and entertain, however they are to keep our interest to the next paid commercial. This perspective view media as conduit for social coercion. The owners of media use programing and advertising to influence certain and targeted social class.Whatever agenda or trend they introduced through media is the public mimicked, the media maintain dominance and remained major influential force in the nation due to the fact that they were use propaganda very effectively. From the conflict perspective, modern day media are instruments of social control,(Sullivan 2007) while interactionist and functionalist agree that media propaganda is necessary, conflict perspective view media propaganda as necessary evil. The media propaganda is used as an instrument of social control and also an effective way to carry out their agenda.Interactionist perspective, media propaganda is used to define and shape our definitions of any given situation. This pe rception of reality seems to come together as workaday value and cultural change. The definition of American in the 50s is definitely different what we see expect today. The way the media portray family is the set standard that majority of society would consider acceptable. The effect of the media propaganda is powerful that social acceptance is solely dictated and depended on what the media approve. The symbols that the media present to us will represent what is acceptable and proper. So anyone that does not identify with the symbols are considered to be an outcast.The media propaganda create a perfect society illusion that the masses strive to emulate. You have athletes, celebrities and models promoting clothing, brand that vast majority cannot afford. To consider to be part of the elite classsociety you have to identify with those things. Many people have lost their own identity trying to meet up with media expectation of them. Many also get into huge debt due to the fact that t he image of happiness the media portray is things you can afford to buy with good credit. The interaction between the masses and the media is symbolic. They serve their own agenda, whenever the public interact with the media is to acquire information or to be entertained, however whenever the media interact with the public is serve their own agenda, which is the agenda of the elite groups of individual that runs them.The agenda of the elite is to impose their Will on the masses and make property of it. CEO of Walt Disney, Michael Eisner once said We have no obligation to make history, we have no obligation to make art. We have no obligation to make a statement. To make money is our only objective. The media interaction with general public is symbolic because it revolved around money, money is the symbol that connect the media with the public.ConclusionThe media control the country using propaganda and illusion of choice to achieve their agenda. The 6 media giants control 90% of wha t we read, watch, listen to and anything outside these sources is consider not to be credible. The information that we received on daily basis are controlled by six individual who run these companies. The media form and shape the society culture, reality and acceptance. They not only function to promote the agenda of the elite, they impose the culture accepted by the elite as set standard for all. The instrument that the media use to control society is propaganda.The media used the illusion that they exist to inform and entertain, however they existed to serve the agenda of the elite. They use different avenue to capture and change the public minds in order to achieve their own objectives. Our culture in America today is what the media say it is, Social conflicts are promoted by the media, separating public into different classes and holding one particular groups as the set standard of the rest. Finally the new coverage or any information we gathered through media is the medias impo sed agenda.

Economics of Climate Change released in 2007 insists

There is overwhelming evidence that globular calefacient is actu every last(predicate)y occurring and is no longer just an academic concern. The Stern Review the Economics of Climate Change released in 2007 insists that in that respect is still time to make an move and switch the effects of ball-shaped melt. Failure to do so would result in mode change (that) get out affect the basic elements of life for people around the world access to water, food production, health, and the environment. Hundreds of millions of people could suffer hunger, water shortages and costal floodings as the world warms (The Stern Review).Fossil fuels argon the number one endorser to carbon dioxide emissions in the United States alone. The determination of fossil fuels for transportation contri just nowes to a host of environmental problems, from urban ozone to spherical warming. Carbon dioxide makes up about 85 percent of the United States total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming. Methane, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, halocarbons, per fluorocarbons, and other gases make up the remaining 15 percent. More than 98 percent of U. S. carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the burning at the stake of fossil fuels for zero consumption (Rubin, 1998).There are many set ups energy sources that could slow the change of global warming. Alternative energy is energy that is renewable or is non harmful the environment, such as wind, water, or geothermal occasioned energy. Reviewing several sources of alternate(a) energy including alternate fuel for vehicles, solar energy, and geothermal energy and evaluating their impact on the public and viewing public opinion of alternative energy will help us make a better understanding of the concept of alternative energy and how we can benefit from using it.The effects of global warming are being felt worldwide. Global warming and the melting of polar ice cover is predicted to raise ocean levels worldwide, directly impacting on island nations who plead approximately strongly for restraint of fossil fuel consumption by industrialized nations (Mayer). close to alternative fuel methods postulate been tried and found to be actually successful. A nonher strategy for reducing fossil fuel emissions from vehicles is to shift to alternate fueled vehicles. Various choices include electric, natural gas, methane, and fuel cell vehicles (Mayer).In the United States there are or so environmentally conscious states have started to support energy efficient vehicles. The federal government has provided some limited support for the development of alternate fueled vehicles, composition California has mandated that companies selling vehicles there market a certain percentage of zero emission vehicles, or ZEVs(Mayer). Solar energy is an alternative energy method that has been in practice for many years. On June 20, 1979, President Jimmy Carter dedicated the solar hot water he ating system fresh installed in the West Wing of the White House(Laird, 2001, p.1). Solar energy is harbored through solar panels that take the light from the sun and convert into energy, such as electricity. Solar power has proven to be a great source of energy and many people in the United States and Europe are turn to solar power, both for moral reasons and cash incentives from governments. In the United States, the citizens of California are taking it upon themselves to invest in alternative sources of energy. They have concentrated their investments in solar power but have as well as experimented with wind, water, and geothermal power.Californians find solar power advantageous not only because of its insurance against blackouts and skyrocketing electricity fees but also because it put ups no pollution. As the government gives consumers cash incentives, such as tax breaks when they use these alternative sources of energy, local power companies are able to use alternative so urces for energy production (Woloski, 2006). Solar energy is a cost effective and product way to utilize natural energy. Geothermal energy is the energy that is held within the core of the earth. Geothermal energy is released naturally in geysers and volcanoes ( force, Sources Of, 2004).Geothermal energy is an effect way to heat homes or businesses because Even where there are not naturally occurring geothermal aquifers, heat can be usefully extracted from the ground (Derektaylor, 2000, p. 57). In California, some of the states electricity is generated by the geothermal plant complex cognize as the Geysers, which has been in production since 1960, and in Iceland, which is geologically very active, roughly 70% of the homes are heated by geothermal energy( capacity, Sources Of, 2004). Although using alternative energy is a great concept and idea there are some negative consequences to using alternative energy.Alternative energy is often difficult to obtain and very costly to initiate (Woloski, 2006). For the change to occur governments and citizens will have first have to invest a great deal of money in the initial set up of alternative energy. This can be very costly both for the people and the government. Why are so few environmentally conscious customers signing up, despite the positive outlook? New research suggests that consumers simply do not trust their utilities green credentials(Bloemers, Magnomi & Peters, 2001, p. 15).People are worried trying new things such as alternative energy, especially if it is costly in comparative to other available energy sources. There are also harmful effects on the environment by using some types of alternative energy. For example geothermal energy sources have minimal environmental impacts that while limited, include air pollution and noise. Photovoltaic solar energy systems exhibit limited negative environmental impacts because they necessitate manufacture of photovoltaic cells, use of oversize land areas, and a negat ive aesthetic impact(Ferrey, 2003).And then of course Biomass energy facilities, depending on the fuel source, emit a variety of criteria air pollutants resulting from the combustion of organic materials(Ferrey, 2003). The energy consumption of the people of the United States is of great concern to the worlds environmental health. The United States Congress is well aware of their countries contributions to global warming. In 2002 the Senate passed legislation that would raise average fuel efficiency standards to 36 mpg by 2015, a standard that would classify minivans and SUVs as passenger vehicles sort of than light trucks (Mayer).In less than ten years the classification will have an effect on the people on the United States. This amount of time is pivotal when we consider the state of ozone layer and the steady increase of global warming. Becoming aware of the staggering usage of gasoline may help sway some Americans to switch to alternative methods of transportation with the cr eation of the KYOTO treaty the hope was the all nations of the world could work in concert and make the right choice and consciously consider to support the health of the environment, the very source that sustains us.To make changes we need to specifically explore the complex interactions and mutual influences of philosophy, evolutionary biology, ethicsconceptual enterprises alland our particular interactions and encounters with humans and nature in everyday life(Donnelley). By shimmy to hybrid vehicles or alternative energy vehicles, making sure all vehicles on the road pass emissions tests, and discontinue driving oversized vehicles that take more fossil fuel and because more emissions to be released Americans can contribute to slowing global warming There are people all over the world who have taken measures to switch to alternative energy.Green energy would peckm to have a rosy future. Technological advances have helped to lower the cost of renewable power sources such as wi nd turbine generators, solar cells, small hydroelectric plants, and geothermal energy(Bloemers, Magnomi & Peters, 2001, p. 15). Growing trends of alternative energy are popping up all over the world. In response to these suggestive trends, European utilities such as Eastern Group and Powergen, in the United Kingdom, and RWE and EON, in Germany, now offer green energy to distributors or direct to interested consumers.Typically, the utility commits itself to produce with, or to buy from, renewable sources all of the energy that it sells through green contracts. Customers thus know that they are paying for green production even if they are not directly connected to the source. Price premiums, often depending on the source, range from 2 percent to more than 30 percent above the utilities normal tariffs. Yet in the United Kingdom and Germany, for example, less than 1 percent of electricity customers have chosen the green plectron.(Bloemers, Magnomi & Peters, 2001, p. 15) In the United S tates Consumers in several states have the option of selecting their choice of times companies. Although the contract path of electricity does not remotely match the actual electron path from generators to consumers, it is possible to select alternate generation technologies such as biomass, solar, or wind. (Allenby & Unger, 2001, p. 22) In California, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District runs a solar power program and has enjoyed exceptional popularity.This program equips the roofs of houses with solar cells that essentially turn these homes into mini power-plants by converting sunlight into electricity. The system does have several disadvantages, such as the high expenses of building a solar power station and the unreliable nature of sunlight (Woloski, 2006). Some speculate that American conservatives tend not to take global warming seriously and fail to see why those who do find the U. S. unwillingness to tax energy infuriating. This perhaps more than any other act cemented in the mind of many Europeans the moving-picture show of George Bush as a self-serving unilateralist (Fukuyama 143).Although the environment has not been a factor regularly addressed by the Bush administration there are huge American corporations, such as Boeing, IBM, John Hancock and Whirlpool (who) have publicly endorsed the notion that climate change is real by connexion a business council organized by the Pew join on Global Climate Change(Lynch). The Pew Center is an international organization that brings together business leaders, scientists, policy makers and other experts to address controversial issues (Working together because).The idea behind this thinking can in fact be construed as a financial investment. A clear sign that climate concerns have moved into the financial mainstream is the growing activism of institutional shareholders. Over the past few years, investors have become increasingly worried about insufficient disclosure about the risks companies face from global warming. Under existing regulations, publicly traded companies are required to check to investors any information that could have a material impact on their financial results.There are no additional requirements governing climate-change issues. A changing climate threatens companies throughout the economy with costs from future regulations, the physical effects of a changing landscape, even the danger of massive lawsuits(Lynch). Although the reasons for supporting the fight against global warming by American corporations are may be financially based, these corporations are large enough that collectively they can make a huge impact and ideally smaller companies will follow in their footsteps.Using alternative energy is a growing trend, however, alternative sources of energy are more expensive than traditional energy production after all, traditional energy production is so popular because such methods currently allow the least amount of fuel to produce the most energy at the cheapest prices. It is for this reason that the industry of alternative energy sources has not yet boomed (Woloski, 2006). With the state of global warming increasing at a danger rate all people should make an effort to use less fossil fuel and realise less pollution by switching to alternative energy sources.Many people have the view that one person can not make a difference, this is not true. a fine chemical equilibrium needs to be found between human beings and nature. Humans and nature problems press in upon us from all sides. We are all becomingor should be becomingmore cognizant of global warming ecologically unsustainable cities and agricultural practices the overuse of antibiotics in our health care systems and on our factory farms the global crash of ocean fisheries a human population and use of natural resources that is squeezing out other forms of life the pollution and degradation of our air, soil, and water (Donnelley).Now all of these points need to be taken into co nsideration and changed as a whole, but the first step is for all people of the world, to accept their responsibility to the environment and create a process that will improve the way they effect global warming, even if it begins with only one small change. References Allenby, B. , & Unger, D. (2001). Information Technology Impacts on the U. S. Energy Demand Profile. In E-Vision 2000 Key Issues That Will Shape Our Energy Future Analyses and Papers Prepared for the E-Vision 2000 Conference (pp. 7-27). Santa Monica, CA Rand. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=106437389 Bloemers, R. , Magnomi, F. , & Peters, M. (2001). nonrecreational a Green Premium. 15. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001037408 Donnelley, Astrakhan. Natural Responsibilities Philosophy, Biology, and Ethics in Ernst Mayr and Hans Jonas. The Hastings Center Report 32. 4 (2002) 36+ Energy, Sources Of. (2004). In The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York Columbia University Press. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=101242747 Derektaylor. (2000). Chapter 4 Renewable Energy in Housing.In Sustainable Housing Principles & Practice (pp. 50-59). London E & FN Spon. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=109201075 Ender, R. L. & Kim, J. C. (Eds. ). (1987). Energy Resources Development Politics and Policies. New York Quorum Books. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=27459699 Ferrey, S. (2003). Nothing but Net Renewable Energy and the Environment, MidAmerican Legal Fictions, and Supremacy Doctrine. Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum, 14(1), 1+. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5005792298 Fukuyama, Francis. 8 Does the West Still Exist?. Beyond nirvana and Power Europe, America, and the Future of a Troubled Partnership. Ed. Tod Lindenberg. New York Routledge, 2004. 137-161. Jordan, Stuart. The Global Warming Crisis. The Humanist Nov. -Dec. 2005 23+. Questia. 29 Mar. 2007 . Johansen, Bruce E. The Global Warming Desk Reference. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 2002. Lackner, Klaus S. , and Jeffrey D. Sachs. A Robust Strategy for Sustainable Energy. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (2005) 215+.Laird, F. N. (2001). Solar Energy, Technology Policy, and Institutional Values. Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=105099570 Mayer, Donald O. Corporate politics in the Cause of Peace An Environmental Perspective. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 35. 2 (2002) 585+. Questia. 29 Mar. 2007 . Rubin, J. (1998). Shifting Gears To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, the United States Faces Some Tough Choices. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 13(4), 98+.Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001398516 Stern Review-Summary. HM Treasury. 2007. 1-4. 29 Mar. 2007 . Woloski, A. (2006). Fuel of the Future A Global Push toward New Energy. Harvard International Review, 27(4), 40+. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5014475018 Working Together Because Climate Change is Serious Business. Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Pew Center on Global Climate Change. 29 Mar. 2007 .

Restrictive health, safety and technical standards Essay

Technical Standards Standards and standards-related practiced regulations ar pervasive features of global commerce, affecting an estimated 80 percent of world commodity administer. These technical specifications sacrifice up much of the vocabulary in the exacting language of industry, consumer protection, and government regulation. As much(prenominal), unlike standards and methods use to assess conformity to standards can either facilitate efficient international backup and its resultant benefits, or they can impede access to export markets.Divergent standards peculiar to a nation or region, unneeded testing and compliance procedures, unilateral and non-transpargonnt standard setting exercises, and a confusing thicket of otherwise standards-related problems are now recognized as major impediments to free softwood. For example Vietnams Ministry of Science and Technology publishes a list of imports and exports requiring mandate character inspection.Importers and exporters o f the products on the list must resign their products to inspection and obtain a permit from the relevant government agencies (such as the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Fishery, and the Ministry of Science and Technology) at the fourth dimension they go with customs duty. In the inspection, some products are subject to national standards, some are subject to regulations of the functional agencies, and some are subject to both.China is very concerned with the transparency of Vietnams mandatory quality inspection system. Language Barrier Communication is the key to building successful business relationships. However, parley be performs complex when much than one language is involved. Interpreters and translators can play a critical role assisting exporters with the pitch of key information to prospective customers and clients. Interpreters and translators fulfill different roles in differe nt cultures. For example, an voice in newton America or atomic number 63 is expected to relay an unbiased account of the information to the audience.In Japan, however, an interpreter will translate the language and quite likely interpret gestures, context and meanings for those in attendance. Exporters should enlist the serve of an experienced, fluent translator or interpreter who is also immersed in the culture of the target market. Working as a team, the exporter and the interpreter can review the text, presentation or other materials together to ensure that in that respect will be no difficulties with background information, technical terms or potenti in ally ambiguous messages. no(prenominal)-tariff Barriers.Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) occupy to the wide range of policy interventions other than border tariffs that affect trade of goods, services, and factors of production. Most taxonomies of NTBs include market-specific trade and domestic policies affecting trade in that mar ket. Extended taxonomies include macro-economic policies affecting trade. NTBs have gained importance as tariff levels have been reduced worldwide. Common measures of NTBs include tariff-equivalents of the NTB policy or policies and count and frequency measures of NTBs.These NTB measures are subsequently used in various trade models, including gravity equations, to assess trade and/or well-being effects of the measured NTBs. Conclusion The world has a long history of international trade. In fact, transaction among nations can be traced back to the earliest civilizations. Trading activities are directly related to an improved quality of life for the citizens of nations involved in international trade. It is safe to say that nearly every person on earth has benefited from international trading activities.This may be a good time to reinforce the predilection that trade barriers are designed to protect some industries but, in fact they may hurt other industries or even consumers. Eco nomists have found that sanctions dont often reach their political objectives and they come with high costs. A good example is the make tariff imposed by the Bush administration, on foreign-made steel. President Bush imposed the tariffs, ranging from 8 percent to 30 percent, on some kinds of foreign steel in March 2002, in order to help the U. S. steel industry compete with foreign steel producers.Many U. S. manufacturing companies that use steel, including manufacturers of auto parts and appliances, say that the steel tariffs have raised costs for manufacturers and caused thousands of manufacturing losses. Also, the great unwashed who buy cars or appliances may have to pay higher prices because of the steel tariffs. The U. S. International portion out missionary post modernly concluded that the tariffs have caused a $30 million net loss to the U. S. economy. In addition, the European Union is considering retaliatory tariffs against the U.S.TBR (Trade Barrier Regulation) is Eu ropes way of removing obstacles to trade, ensuring that countries abide by the rules of international trade, and providing procedures for result international trade disputes. Through the European Commission, its procedures interface directly with WTO dispute resolution procedures, affecting all countries subject to WTO rules and agreements notably the United States and Japan and whose industries have been the subject of recent international decisions.Free trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nations in the world, though they often engage in selective protectionism for those industries which are politically important domestically, such as the tutelar tariffs applied to agriculture and textiles by the United States and Europe. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were economically dominant, today the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan are its greatest proponents.However, ma ny other countries (such as India, China and Russia) are increasingly becoming advocates of free trade as they become more economically powerful themselves. As tariff levels fall there is also an increasing willingness to negotiate non tariff measures, including foreign direct investment, procurement and trade facilitation. The latter looks at the transaction cost associated with meeting trade and customs procedures. Traditionally agricultural interests are usually in favour of free trade while manufacturing sectors often support protectionism.This has changed somewhat in recent years, however. In fact, agricultural lobbies, particularly in the United States, Europe and Japan, are chiefly responsible for particular rules in the major international trade treaties which allow for more protectionist measures in agriculture than for most other goods and services. During recessions there is often strong domestic pressure to maturation tariffs to protect domestic industries. This occurre d around the world during the Great Depression leading to a collapse in world trade that many believe seriously deepened the depression.The regulation of international trade is done through the World Trade Organization at the global level, and through several other regional arrangements such as MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA between the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the European Union between 27 independent states. The 2005 Buenos Aires talks on the planned establishment of the FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas) failed largely due to opposition from the populations of Latin American nations. Similar agreements such as the MAI (Multilateral Agreement on Investment) have also failed in recent years.Bibliography 1. Barriers to entry Coping with protectionism. UK Investment. 18 April 2007 2. Boone, L. , and Kurtz, D. Contemporary Marketing. modern York Dryden Press. 2003 3. Brue, S. , and McConnell, C. Economics. New York McGraw-Hill. 2003 4. Churchill, G. , and Peter, P. Marketing Creating Value for Customers. Austen Press. 2004 5. Czinkota, M. R. , and Ronkainen, I. A. International Marketing. New York Dryden Press. 2005 6. Competition and Market Power.Econoclass Sources for Economics Teachers. 18 April 2007 7. Deardorff, Alan V. , and Robert M. Stern. Measurement of Nontariff Barriers Studies in International Economics. 2005 8. Debra Ann Skaradzinski. Testing chaotic dynamics via Lyapunov exponents. Journal of Applied Econometrics 207, (2003) 911. 9. Fisher, Ronald, and Pablo Serra. Standards and Protection. Journal of International Economics 52 (2004) 377-400. 10. Farese, L. , Kimbrell, G. , and Woloszyk, C. Marketing Essentials. Mission Hills, CA Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. 2003 11. Henson, Spencer, and John S. Wilson, eds.The WTO and Technical Barriers toTrade, in the Critical Perspectives on the Global Trading System and the WTO series, Northampton, MA Edward Elgar produce Ltd. 2005 12. Impact of Standards and Technical Regulations on Trade. P ress Release from Commerce Ministry (2003). 18 April 2007 13. Journal of Behavioral Finance, Vol. 4, No. 2, (2003) Pages 65-70 14. Kee, Hiau Looi, Alessandro Nicita, and Marcelo Olarreaga.Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3840.2006 15. Kotler, P. , and Armstrong, G. Marketing An Introduction. upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. 2004 16. Methodologies, Classifications, Quantification and Development Impacts of Non-Tariff Barriers Note by the UNCTAD Secretariat, Document TD/B/COM. 1/EM. 27/2. (2004). 18 April 2007 17.Non-tariff Barriers Centre for Rural & unpolished Development (2003). 18 April 2007 18. RSIE Working Papers. University of Michigan.(2005). 18 April 2007 http//www. fordschool. umich. edu/rsie/workingpapers/wp. html 19. The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade.Working Paper, Centre dEtudes Prospectives et dInformations Internationales, Paris. (2003). 18 April 2007 20. Trade, Environment and Development. Uni ted Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2005). 18 April 2007 21. Vousden, Neil. The Economics of Trade Protection. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. 2005.